Infra-red Spectroscopy
In the data sheet that is provided in the exam the following absorptions
are present to indicate Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids
and esters.
Note: The datasheet also provides information on absorption for other bonds O–H free and N–H, however these won’t be in the chains and rings exam so just ignore them!
C–O
Alcohols, esters
1000–1300
C=O
Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters
1680–1750
O–H
Hydrogen bonded in carboxylic acids
2500–3300
O–H
Hydrogen bonded in alcohols, phenols
3230–3550
Some points of note
An absorption or peak is actually a ‘trough’ in the graph.
The scale at the bottom of this axis is ‘back to front’, it
starts at a larger value and moves towards a smaller number.
Infrared spectrum of a carboxylic acid
Notice the large absorption (or peak) between 2500-3300 and the absorption between 1680-1750 which indicates the presence of O-H and C=O bonds.
Infra-red Spectroscopy is used to identify polar covalent bonds –
most importantly the functional groups of the organic molecules. Often
however questions may ask for chemical methods of identification. For
these long answer questions infra-red spectroscopy is not a suitable method
of identification unless it is specifically asked for in the question.